How Is Fertility Behavior in Africa Different?
Above: Differences in the number of children ever born to rural women are shown in gray, and differences in the number of surviving children are shown in black. Differences between sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere first widen with education and then narrow after primary school, and finally essentially disappear by mid-secondary school.
Demography, forthcoming
Abstract:
Sub-Saharan Africa’s fertility decline has lagged behind that of other regions. Using large-scale individual-level data, I provide new evidence on how fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa compares with East Asia, South Asia, and Latin America by examining differences in fertility outcomes by grade level across regions. Unlike prior research that compared aggregate fertility and education outcomes, I estimate fertility outcomes separately for each combination of region, area of residence, age group, and grade level. I find that differences in fertility between sub-Saharan Africa and other regions increase with education up to the end of primary school and then rapidly decrease. There is little consistent evidence of differences among women with secondary education or higher. Moreover, for grade levels where fertility is significantly higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in other regions, the differences are substantially smaller for surviving children than for children ever born. Using women’s literacy as a proxy for school quality, I show that the results for literacy rates follow a similar pattern to the fertility outcomes. Overall, the results suggest that higher offspring mortality and lower quality of primary schooling contribute to higher fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa compared with other regions.